Classification

EPITHELIAL OVARIAN CARCINOMA
The most common type which arise from epithelial lining of the ovaries.
Subtypes
Serous ovarian carcinoma
Most common epithelial tumor, made up of serous fluid filled masses and hence their name. These make up 52% of all epithelial ovarian cancers and are often classified as low-grade serous carcinoma or high-grade carcinoma, depending on how the cancer cells look compared with normal cells. A higher grade means the cancer cells are fast-spreading and may respond best to chemotherapy.

Mucineous ovarian carcinoma
Made up of mucus filled masses and hence their name. It is a rare kind of epithelial ovarian cancer accounting for 6% of all epithelial ovarian cancers. It is a slow type of epithelial ovarian cancer with a good prognosis.

Endometrioid ovarian carcinoma
Made up of cells with endometrial origin, commonly as a result of endometriosis. Morphologically, their cut sections reveal cystic areas showing soft masses and bloody fluid, with less common solid areas showing extensive hemorrhage and necrosis.

Clear cell ovarian carcinoma
The cancer cells look like clear bubbles under a microscope. A rare type with good prognosis when diagnosed in its early stages.

GERM CELL TUMORS
They begin in the female reproductive cells(ova) which are in the eggs for women and sperm for men. Germ cell tumors make up less than 2% of all ovarian cancers and have a high survival rate, with nine out of 10 patients surviving five years after diagnosis.

Subtypes
Teratoma
These germ cell tumors are either benign (mature) or cancerous (immature), and their cells may contain different types of tissue, such as hair, muscle and bone. Immature teratomas are rare.

Dysgerminoma
Though rare, this is the most common germ cell ovarian cancer. Made up by overgrowth and multiplication of germ cells(ova).

Endodermal sinus tumor (yolk sac tumor)
Some ovarian cells differentiate into yolk sack tissue. It occurs most often in children.

Choriocarcinoma
Some Ovarian cells differentiate into trophoblastic tissue ie cytotrophoblast and syncytiotrophoblasts.

STROMAL CELL TUMORS
Even less common than ovarian germ cell tumors are ovarian stromal cell tumors (also called sex cord tumors and sex cord gonadal stromal tumors), representing about 1 percent of all ovarian cancers, according to the ACS. They develop from the stroma tissue cells that produce the female hormones of estrogen and progesterone.

Subtypes
granulosa cell tumors.
granulosa-theca tumors
Sertoli-Leydig cell tumors

METASTATIC TUMORS OF THE OVARIES