Investigations

In Females
Cervical mucus examination

Abdominal pelvic USS

Hysterosalpingography (To check that the fallopian tubes are open and not blocked, as well as to evaluate the shape of the uterus.)

Hysteroscopy (This is done if Hysterosalpingography examination showed potential abnormalities or was inconclusive.)

Diagnostic laparoscopy

Ovulatory function test
Mid-luteal phase serum progesterone level is measured and If abnormal, the cause for anovulation is evaluated through testing serum prolactin, thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH), and follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) as well as assessment for polycystic ovarian syndrome.

Ovarian reserve test
Assessment of oocyte quality and quantity, or reproductive potential. Two hormones are used to assess ovarian reserve, Anti Mullerian hormone (AMH) and Follicle stimulating hormone. AMH is produced by immature oocytes so its higher levels in blood indicates higher number of immature oocytes and an adequate ovarian reserve. FSH facilitates maturation of oocytes so it rises when there is a lower number of oocytes. Ovarian reserve test must be done within a day 3 (of menstrual cycle)

In males
Semen analysis

Semen analysis Interpretetion
Polyzoospermia
higher concentration of sperm in semen compared to normal sperm count.
Oligozoospermia
Lower sperm were counted than normal
Hypospermia
Lower semen volume was less than 1.5 ml.
Hyperspermia
Higher semen volume than 5.5 ml.
Aspermia
No semen was ejected at all during ejaculation.
Pyospermia
White blood cells or leukocytes is detected in a semen sample.
Hematospermia
Red blood cells is detected in a semen sample.
Asthenozoospermia
Semen containing less than 40% of motile sperm.
Teratozoospermia
Semen containing more than 40% of irregular shaped sperm.
Necrozoospermia
Semen containing of dead sperms.

Hormonal analysis
Testosterone levels
Abnormal lower levels indicate poor testicular functioning
FSH levels
Abnormal higher levels indicate poor testicular functioning.
LH levels
Abnormal higher levels indicate poor testicular functioning.
Prolactin levels
Abnormal higher levels reflect penile dysfunction and decreased libido.