Effects of Epilepsy on Pregnancy

Most of effects of epilepsy on pregnancy come from the use of antiepileptic drugs(AED). Most of the AED have teratogenic effect, they may cause major or minor congenital anomalies.

All of anti epileptic drugs (AED) cause congenital malformations or anomalies at different rates. 

The ones with higher rates are:

Sodium Valproate

Carbamazepine

Phenytoin

Phenobarbitone

Topiramate

The ones with low rates are:

Oxcarbazepine

Lamotrigine 

Levetiracetam

The preferable AEDs are the ones with low rates of malformation.