Pathophysiology

Traumatic eye injuries are caused by direct physical forces on the globe or its associated structures.

In acidic injuries, the acid binds to cellular proteins and causes coagulative necrosis for the affected corneal cells which then form a necrotic layer which prevents further penetration of the acid.

In Alkaline injuries, the alkali reacts with plasma membrane of the affected corneal cells causing saponification and leading to further penetration of the alkali deeper into the cornea.