Classification based on fracture pattern

Transverse fracture, the fracture line is at right angle to the long axis of the bone. It is caused by straight and direct forces towards the bone in question.

Oblique fracture, the fracture line is at acute angle to the long axis of the bone. It occurs when a bone is subjected under a force from an angle.

Spiral fracture, the fracture line coils around the long axis of the bone. It is caused by rotational or twisting forces against the bone in question.

Comminuted fracture, the fracture site contains multiple fragments (more than three). It is caused by high energy or crushing forces against the bone in question.

Segmental fracture, two fracture lines at different levels of the same bone with the middle part hanging free.

Compression fracture, bone is compressed towards the fracture line. It is caused by vertical or axial force on a certain part of the bone making it lose height around the line of fracture.

 Avulsion fracture, a piece of bone attached to a tendon or ligament gets pulled away from the main part of the bone.