Classification based on bone exposure

Open(Compound) fracture, there is a direct communication between the fracture part and external environment.

Subtypes

“in-to-out” open fracture, the sharp bone end penetrates the skin from the site of fracture.

“out-to-in” injury, high energy injury or sharp object penetrates the skin, traumatizing the underlying soft tissues and bone.

Closed fracture, there is no communication between the fracture part and external environment.